In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md: fix warning for holder mismatch from export_rdev() Commit a1d767191096 ("md: use mddev->external to select holder in export_rdev()") fix the problem that 'claim_rdev' is used for blkdev_get_by_dev() while 'rdev' is used for blkdev_put(). However, if mddev->external is changed from 0 to 1, then 'rdev' is used for blkdev_get_by_dev() while 'claim_rdev' is used for blkdev_put(). And this problem can be reporduced reliably by following: New file: mdadm/tests/23rdev-lifetime devname=${dev0##*/} devt=`cat /sys/block/$devname/dev` pid="" runtime=2 clean_up_test() { pill -9 $pid echo clear > /sys/block/md0/md/array_state } trap 'clean_up_test' EXIT add_by_sysfs() { while true; do